![\"\"](\"https:\/\/tnparia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/taknam-newcastle-disease2-1-283x300.png\")
<\/p>\nNewcastle disease is a contagious disease found worldwide and also affects domestic birds. The virus is a member of the paramyxovirus family. The disease occurs in three forms: kenogenic (mild), mesogenic (moderate) or velogenic, which many call the strange Newcastle disease.<\/p>\n
The pathogenic form of the disease is a type of disease listed by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and must be reported to the (IOE) if it is mutated.<\/p>\n
Newcastle disease is transmitted mainly by direct contact with sick or carrier birds. Infected birds may shed the virus in their feces and contaminate the environment. Subsequent transmission can occur by direct contact with feces and respiratory secretions or contaminated food, water, equipment and human clothing. Newcastle disease viruses can survive in the environment for several weeks, especially in cool weather.<\/p>\n
Transmission of the disease:<\/p>\n
In general, the virus is spread during the incubation period and for a short time. Birds of the pigeon family can shed the virus intermittently for up to a year. Other wild birds, such as cormorants, have also been shown to spread the disease to domestic poultry. Newcastle disease virus is present in all parts of the carcass of an infected bird.<\/p>\n
Newcastle disease is a contagious disease. When the virus is introduced into a susceptible flock, all birds become infected within approximately two to six days.<\/p>\n
Public health risk:<\/p>\n
Newcastle disease is a minor zoonosis and can cause conjunctivitis in humans, but the disease is generally mild and self-limiting.<\/p>\n
Clinical signs:<\/p>\n
The disease has a wide range of clinical signs that depend on the type of virus, the species of bird infected, the age of the host (young birds are more susceptible), concurrent infections in other organisms, environmental stress, and a weakened immune system. In many cases where infection with a virulent virus has been present, infected birds have died with minimal clinical signs. The disease is very rapid in onset, usually within 2 to 12 days, and spreads rapidly through the flock. Some viruses attack the nervous system, while others attack the digestive system.<\/p>\n
Clinical signs include:<\/p>\n
Respiratory signs: gasping, coughing, sneezing, wheezing<\/p>\n
Neurological signs: tremors, paralyzed wings and legs, twisted neck, spasms, paralysis<\/p>\n
Digestive signs: diarrhea<\/p>\n
A partial or complete loss of egg production may occur. Eggs may be abnormal in color, shape, or surface, and may have a watery albumen. Mortality in the flock is variable but can be up to 100%.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Diagnosis:<\/p>\n
ND can have a clinical picture very similar to avian influenza, so laboratory testing is important to confirm the diagnosis.<\/p>\n
Prevention and control:<\/p>\n
Vaccination is the preventive method in all countries except a few that produce poultry on a commercial scale. In order for a country to demonstrate that it is free from ND, it is necessary to follow OIE guidelines. Finally, poultry producers must implement effective safety measures to prevent the spread of the disease, as outlined in the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) programme.<\/p>\n
When a disease outbreak occurs in an area, policies are implemented to control it, including:<\/p>\n
Strict isolation or quarantine of the outbreak<\/p>\n
Cut off all infected or at-risk birds (OIE)<\/p>\n
Disinfection of the infected environment<\/p>\n
Proper disposal of carcasses (IOE)<\/p>\n
Flock pest control<\/p>\n
21-day quarantine and re-entry ban<\/p>\n
Avoid contact with birds of unknown health<\/p>\n
Control access to poultry farms<\/p>\n
History of the disease:<\/p>\n
The disease was discovered in Indonesia in 1926 but occurred in 1927 under the name Newcastle-ontyne in England.<\/p>\n
Wild birds are a threat to the transmission of this virus and the level of immunity in poultry facilities. The virus replicates very rapidly in human cancer cells as well as healthy cells and can kill host cells; this virus is used experimentally in cancer treatment.<\/p>\n
IOE guidelines for the surveillance and eradication of Newcastle disease have led to the elimination of the disease in many countries.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Newcastle disease is a contagious disease found worldwide and also affects domestic birds. The virus is a member of the paramyxovirus family. The disease occurs in three forms: kenogenic (mild), mesogenic (moderate) or velogenic, which many call the strange Newcastle disease. The pathogenic form of the disease is a type of disease listed by the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2724,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[150],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2836","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tnparia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2836","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tnparia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tnparia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tnparia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tnparia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2836"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/tnparia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2836\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2849,"href":"https:\/\/tnparia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2836\/revisions\/2849"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tnparia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2724"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tnparia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2836"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tnparia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2836"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tnparia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2836"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}